An airliner is a large fixed-wing aircraft for transporting passengers and cargo. Such planes are owned by airlines.

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Although the definition of an airliner can vary from country to country, an airliner is typically defined as a plane intended for carrying multiple passengers in commercial service, and the Russian Sikorsky Ilya Muromets was the first official passenger aircraft by this definition. This airliner made its first flight in 1913, and thus began the industry of commercial airlines. The industry would slowly develop for the next several decades and would begin to expand at an incredible rate after World War II.

Manufacturers include Comac (includes Shanghai Aircraft Manufacturing Factory), Shenyang Aircraft Corporation, Xi'an Aircraft Industrial Corporation, Airbus S.A.S. (formerly a multinational conglomeration of the largest European aerospace companies of France, Germany, Spain and the UK), Let Kunovice, ATR, Fokker (now defunct), Ilyushin, Sukhoi, Tupolev, Yakovlev, Saab (no longer manufactures civilian aircraft), Antonov, BAE Systems (formerly British Aerospace, no longer manufactures civilian aircraft), Britten-Norman, Bombardier (includes the former De Havilland Canada and Canadair), Boeing (includes the former McDonnell Douglas company which itself included the Douglas Aircraft Company), Lockheed Corporation (now part of Lockheed Martin, and no longer involved in civil aviation) and Embraer.

Noteable airliners include: Douglas DC-9 – production of it and successive variants nearly reached 2,500, Boeing 737 – currently the best selling civilian jet airliner, Tupolev Tu-144 – the first supersonic transport aircraft constructed in Soviet Union, Concorde – an Anglo-French supersonic transport, it remains the only supersonic aircraft to sustain a regular passenger service, Boeing 747 "jumbo jet" – an iconic aircraft, it was the world's largest airliner between 1968 and 2005, McDonnell Douglas DC-10 – a trijet competitor to the widebody 747, Lockheed L-1011 TriStar – shared a similar configuration to the DC-10, but not its success, with only 250 produced, Airbus A300 – the world's first twinjet widebody, Airbus A320 – pioneered the use of fly-by-wire technology, Airbus A340-600 - longest commercial airplane, Boeing 777 – the first airliner designed entirely by computer, without physical mockups, Airbus A380 "superjumbo" – the world's largest airliner from 2005 onwardsBoeing 787 - the world's first jet airliner to make use of composite materials for most of its construction.

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